VPN protocols explained
VPN protocols determine how your data is encrypted and transmitted. The choice of protocol influences the speed, security and stability of your VPN connection. We explain the most important protocols and help you make the right choice.
The essentials at a glance
WireGuard
The most modern VPN protocol with only 4,000 lines of code. Offers excellent speed and strong security. Supported by NordVPN (as NordLynx), Surfshark and Proton VPN.
OpenVPN
The most proven open source protocol. Offers strong security and high compatibility. Slightly slower than WireGuard, but extremely reliable and widely used.
IKEv2/IPSec
Particularly suitable for mobile devices as it can switch quickly between WLAN and mobile radio. Offers good speed and is natively supported by iOS.
Lightway & NordLynx
Proprietary protocols from ExpressVPN and NordVPN. Based on modern cryptography standards and offer optimum performance for the respective service.
Frequently asked questions
Which VPN protocol is the fastest? +
WireGuard is currently the fastest protocol. NordLynx (based on WireGuard) and Lightway from ExpressVPN also offer very high speeds.
Which protocol is the most secure? +
All modern protocols (WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2) are secure. OpenVPN has the longest track record, WireGuard is the most modern.
What is the difference between WireGuard and OpenVPN? +
WireGuard is faster and more modern (4,000 lines of code vs. 70,000). OpenVPN is more proven and offers more configuration options.
Which protocol should I use? +
For most users, WireGuard is the best choice. On iOS, IKEv2 can be a good alternative. OpenVPN is ideal if maximum compatibility is required.
Do all VPNs support WireGuard? +
Most top VPNs support WireGuard: NordVPN, Surfshark, Proton VPN, CyberGhost and many more. ExpressVPN uses its own Lightway protocol.